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The Small Business Innovation Research (or SBIR) program is a United States Government program, coordinated by the Small Business Administration, intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development (R&D). Funding takes the form of contracts or grants. The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs. The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time. In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts: "to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that, however promising, are still too high risk for private investors, including venture capital firms."〔REAUTHORIZING SBIR: THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF SBIR AND SMALL HIGH TECH FIRMS IN STIMULATING AND STRENGTHENING THE U.S. ECONOMY ROLAND TIBBETTS, Annex 3 in THE ROLE OF THE SBIR AND STTR PROGRAMS IN STIMULATING INNOVATION AT SMALL HIGH-TECH BUSINESSES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 23, 2009 Serial No. 111–20, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg48735/pdf/CHRG-111hhrg48735.pdf〕 For the purposes of the SBIR program, the term "small business" is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees, owned by one or more ''individuals'' who are citizens of, or permanent resident aliens in, the United States of America. Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural (R&D) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $100 million. Approximately $2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $1 billion in SBIR grants annually. Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10. A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses. Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Small Business Innovation Research )〕 ==History== The program was established with the enactment into law of the Small Business Innovation Development Act in 1982 to award federal research grants to small businesses. The SBIR program has four original objectives: * to stimulate technological innovation; * to use small business to meet Federal research and development needs; * to foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation; and * to increase private sector commercialization innovations derived from Federal research and development. The program must be periodically reauthorized by the United States Congress, but reauthorization is generally included in each new budget. The program was re-authorized through FY2017 by the 2012 Defense Authorization Act (P.L.112-81).〔 Through a "decentralized network of public institutions" such as Small Business Innovation Research program (SBIR), the National Science Foundation, The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and NASA, the United States "government acted as strategic investors" in Silicon Valley. For example, Tesla received a nearly $500 million government-guaranteed loan "to help it develop the Tesla S car, a product that is considered an archetype of Silicon Valley innovation."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Small Business Innovation Research」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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